噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)強化工(gong)(gong)藝，用(yong)噴(pen)(pen)丸來提(ti)高(gao)零件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械強度、耐磨性(xing)、抗疲(pi)勞(lao)(lao)性(xing)和(he)耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)。也(ye)可用(yong)于(yu)鑄(zhu)造、鍛造和(he)焊接零件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)消(xiao)光(guang)、除(chu)垢和(he)消(xiao)除(chu)殘余應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。拋丸是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種機(ji)械表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)處理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)藝。其(qi)原理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)高(gao)速(su)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉的(de)(de)(de)葉輪甩出(chu)小(xiao)(xiao)鋼(gang)(gang)球(qiu)或小(xiao)(xiao)鐵球(qiu)來清潔零件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)，從而提(ti)高(gao)外(wai)觀質量，使工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)美觀。同(tong)時工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)焊接拉(la)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)變(bian)為壓(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，延長了工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)(包括鑄(zhu)球(qiu)、切球(qiu)和(he)不銹鋼(gang)(gang)球(qiu)等(deng)。直徑在(zai)0.23.0之(zhi)間。拋丸是(shi)(shi)(shi)將高(gao)速(su)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉的(de)(de)(de)葉輪噴(pen)(pen)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)鋼(gang)(gang)丸或鐵丸，以(yi)高(gao)速(su)撞擊(ji)零件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)，從而強化零件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械性(xing)能(neng)。噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)也(ye)可用(yong)于(yu)修改零件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)。拋丸不僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)處理(li)(li)(li)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)釋放。目(mu)前市(shi)場上銷售的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)式噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)機(ji)都采用(yong)這(zhe)種原理(li)(li)(li)。噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)(sha)粒通常是(shi)(shi)(shi)剛(gang)玉，介質是(shi)(shi)(shi)水。拋丸一(yi)般用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)球(qiu)，噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)用(yong)細砂(sha)(sha)。根據科學(xue)研究，有拉(la)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)時比有壓(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)時更容易破壞金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬材料(liao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)。當零件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)承受壓(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)時，材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)疲(pi)勞(lao)(lao)壽命大大提(ti)高(gao)。因此，噴(pen)(pen)丸通常用(yong)于(yu)軸(zhou)等(deng)容易疲(pi)勞(lao)(lao)斷(duan)裂的(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)(jian)，使其(qi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)形成壓(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，從而延長產品的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。另外(wai)，由于(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬材料(liao)對張力(li)(li)(li)(li)敏(min)感，金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬的(de)(de)(de)抗拉(la)強度遠低于(yu)抗壓(ya)強度，所以(yi)機(ji)械中一(yi)般用(yong)抗拉(la)強度(屈服、拉(la)伸)來表(biao)(biao)示金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)性(xing)能(neng)。

而(er)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)和(he)(he)拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)可以用(yong)(yong)來(lai)對工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)進行去污，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)下一(yi)(yi)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)序做準備(bei)，比如噴(pen)(pen)(pen)漆(qi)和(he)(he)烤漆(qi)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了保持零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)性。需要(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)可以強化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，但噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)就沒(mei)那么明顯了。通(tong)常拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)材(cai)料是(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)鋼(gang)球，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)材(cai)料是(shi)(shi)(shi)石英砂(sha)。根據號碼。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)和(he)(he)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)應保證下一(yi)(yi)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)粗糙度要(yao)(yao)求。復雜(za)形(xing)狀(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)般采用(yong)(yong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)，不(bu)易手工(gong)(gong)除(chu)(chu)(chu)銹，效率低，現場環境差(cha)，規則形(xing)狀(zhuang)采用(yong)(yong)拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)，污染(ran)小(xiao)。有幾(ji)點(dian)需要(yao)(yao)了解(jie)：1.噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)和(he)(he)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)處理(li)(li)，但并不(bu)意味著只噴(pen)(pen)(pen)鑄件(jian)(jian)(jian)，其他(ta)部(bu)位也(ye)可以噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)。2.噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)去除(chu)(chu)(chu)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵銹和(he)(he)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)皮等(deng)。拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)相對更多。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)不(bu)僅可以去除(chu)(chu)(chu)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵銹和(he)(he)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)皮，還(huan)可以提高(gao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)粗糙度，去除(chu)(chu)(chu)毛刺和(he)(he)消除(chu)(chu)(chu)內應力，減少零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)熱處理(li)(li)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)，提高(gao)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐磨(mo)性和(he)(he)抗壓能力。4.目前噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)手工(gong)(gong)操作，而(er)拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)動和(he)(he)半自(zi)動。拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現代(dai)定(ding)義：拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種機械(xie)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)處理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱，類似的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)和(he)(he)拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種冷處理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，分為(wei)(wei)(wei)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)和(he)(he)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)強化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)顧(gu)名思義就是(shi)(shi)(shi)清(qing)(qing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)皮等(deng)雜(za)質，提高(gao)外(wai)觀質量。拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)強化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)速運(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)彈丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(60-110米(mi)/秒)持續沖擊(ji)強化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)，在循環變(bian)(bian)形(xing)過程(cheng)中(zhong)迫使目標(biao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)和(he)(he)表(biao)(biao)層(ceng)(0.10-0.85毫米(mi))發生以下變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)：

1.微結構被修改;

2.非均勻(yun)塑性變形(xing)的外表層引(yin)入殘余壓(ya)應力，內表層產生(sheng)殘余拉應力;

3.外(wai)表面粗糙度發生變化(Ra Rz)。影響：可提高(gao)材料/零件的(de)抗疲勞(lao)斷(duan)裂能(neng)力，防(fang)止疲勞(lao)失效、塑性變形和(he)脆(cui)性斷(duan)裂，提高(gao)疲勞(lao)壽命。噴砂的(de)定義：噴丸是(shi)一種(zhong)廣泛應用于(yu)工廠的(de)表面強化技術(shu)。它的(de)設(she)備簡單，成本低(di)，不(bu)受工件形狀(zhuang)和(he)位置的(de)限制